Article Formatting Guidelines

Recommended Length of a Scientific Article:

• From 7 to 10 pages (excluding references, tables, charts, and figures).
  If your article exceeds this length, it is recommended to divide it into several articles, each with its own scientific value.
• The article must be formatted using the official Template, following the specified formatting parameters (fonts, font size, spacing, margins, tabular system for metadata and bibliography input).

Please attach a Publication Request (for a single author and for a group of authors) along with your article. Please also review the License Agreement.

Required Article Metadata:

• UDC (Universal Decimal Classification)
• Article Title
• Author Names
• Author Affiliations (up to 3 affiliations per author allowed)
• Corresponding Author Email Address
• References

Structure of a Scientific Article:
The journal strictly adheres to the IMRAD structure.
Main sections of the article:

1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion of Results
5. Conclusions

Graphics and Formula Formatting Instructions:
Sections "Introduction" and "Conclusions" must not be divided into subsections.

Title
Use the main keywords of the article topic for concise and informative titles.
Limit the title to 13–15 words (including conjunctions).

Author Information
Include initials and last name, affiliation (up to 3 organizations per author), city, and country.

Affiliations should follow the standardized format used in citation databases.
After the organization’s name, include the city and country.

Corresponding Email Address:
Provide the email address of the author to be contacted regarding the article.

Example for English-language version:
Ivan I. Ivanov
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

• ivanov@mail.ru

Keywords
Main rules for selecting keywords:

• Use basic terms instead of overly specialized ones.
• Avoid complex or lengthy phrases (no more than 3 words per keyword).
• Do not use quotation marks, apostrophes, or commas.
• Each keyword must have a self-contained meaning and be semantically independent.

Abstract
The abstract should briefly describe:

• The purpose of the study
• Research methods
• Main results
• Short conclusions emphasizing the value of the results and their practical application

Length of the abstract: 150–200 words

Article Structure

1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction defines the relevance of the research and the significance of the article. It should include:

• a brief statement of the research goal, topic, and field of application;
• a literature review that outlines general research trends in the chosen field, existing conflicts in theory, methodology, practice, or research findings, and research gaps or underexplored areas in scientific schools;
• an outlook for future development of the topic;
• the author's standpoint;
• justification of the study’s relevance.

For theoretical research, describe the specific methodology used to obtain the results (not general theory, but concrete methods applicable to this article).
For experimental research, provide a detailed account of the experiment, techniques and equipment used, and the research objects involved.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

This section usually poses no difficulty for authors who have conducted thorough research.
Provide a detailed report of the study: describe the procedures, instruments, and devices used, as well as the volume of data collected. Include the statistical and mathematical techniques employed to analyze and summarize the data.
It is important that the data be valid and the methods properly described. This allows reviewers and future researchers to reproduce your study.

3. RESULTS

• As in the Introduction, avoid general or vague phrasing.
• The results must correspond to the stated objectives of the article.
• Clearly articulate the conclusion, idea, concept, or method that the author arrived at during the research.

Important: Minimize the use of external sources. Focus on your own observations and results.

4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The Discussion section should address the following:

• Which facts (or methods) the author agrees or disagrees with, and why. Disagreements must be supported by results of your own methods, with comparative analysis of facts/methods and descriptions of similarities and differences;
• Any limitations faced by the study or the research field as a whole;
• The future research prospects on the topic;
• Comparisons of various methods (if relevant);
• Comparisons between your results and those of similar studies.

5. CONCLUSIONS

The main goal of this section is to summarize the findings.
State the practical and scientific significance of the research and its potential areas of application.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This brief section is used to thank institutions and/or individuals who made significant contributions to the research described in the article.
Typically, this may include funding agencies, laboratories providing materials, or individuals who offered guidance, assisted in data collection or analysis, or contributed in other ways.
Here you should also include details about grants (e.g., Russian Science Foundation grants).

REFERENCES

• Number all cited sources consecutively.
• Start each reference on a new line.
• List references in the order they are cited in the text.
• For Russian-language versions, follow the GOST R 7.0.5–2008 national standard.
• For English-language versions, use the Vancouver style (“Imperial College Vancouver” format).
• Apply BSI transliteration (British Standards Institution); a useful tool is available at translit.ru.
• Before transliterating author names, check how they are listed in Scopus, Web of Science, ResearcherID, or ORCID profiles.
• A minimum of 10 references indexed in citation databases is recommended.

The following sources should not be cited in scientific articles:

• YouTube videos;
• Posts from LiveJournal or social networks;
• Anonymous or hard-to-access sources; sources under 3 pages in length;
• Conference abstracts;
• Textbooks, teaching manuals, or methodological guidelines;
• Laws, regulations, government decrees, etc.;
• Dictionaries, encyclopedias, handbooks;
• Dissertation abstracts;
• Reports, memos, protocols, and statistical bulletins.

These sources may be referred to in footnotes on the relevant page of the article.

Examples of how to format the References and Footnotes are available via the provided link.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Each scientific article must include the following for every author:

• Full name
• Position, academic degree, academic title
• Author ID (Science Index, RSCI)
• SPIN-code (Science Index, RSCI)
• Scopus ID
• Researcher ID
• ORCID

Bibliography

General Guidelines

1. Bold font is used to highlight specifics of bibliographic styles; bold font is not required in the article itself.
2. Foreign literature in the Bibliography of the Russian version should be formatted according to GOST R 7.0.5–2008.
3. Russian literature in the Bibliography of the English version should be formatted in the Vancouver style.
4. Acceptable languages for bibliographic entries are Russian and English. If the source is in any other language, it should be cited in English, with the original language of the manuscript indicated in parentheses at the end of the bibliographic entry, e.g., (In German).

Bibliography / References

The following are examples of how to construct bibliographic entries based on various elements, which can be adapted with your own information to form a list of references.

Examples of Book Formatting:

BOOK
1 AUTHOR

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

2.  Smith A. Title. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. 

BOOK WITH 2 AUTHORS

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP. Title translit [Title in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

PART OF A BOOK OR VOLUME, CHAPTER

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Part 1. Title of the part translit [Title of the part in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

2. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Vol. 1. Title of the volume translit [Title of the volume in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK WITH EDITORS

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK / COLLECTION WITHOUT AUTHORS, WITH EDITORS

1. Title translit [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK TRANSLATED

1. Smith A. Title translit [Title in English]. 2 volumes. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

MONOGRAPHY

1. Ivanov II. Title of the whole work [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year; 100 p. (In Russian).

2. Ivanov II. Title of the chapter translit [Title in English]. Title of the whole work [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year; 24-50. (In Russian).

JOURNAL ARTICLE (translated version)

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP. Title in English. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. DOI:number.

JOURNAL ARTICLE (1 AUTHOR)

1. Ivanov II. Title of the article translit [Title in English]. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. (in Russian). DOI:number.

JOURNAL ARTICLE (2+ AUTHORS)

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP, Sidorov SS. Title of the article translit [Title in English]. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. (in Russian). DOI:number.

2. Smith A. Title of the article translit in English. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Software Reuse. year; 126-138. DOI:number.

ARTICLE FROM FOREIGN JOURNAL

1. Smith A., Smith B., Smith C., et al. Title // Journal. year. Vol.34. P. 305-310. DOI:number

1. Smith A, Smith B, Smith C, et al. Title in English. Journal. year;34: 305-310. DOI:number.

ARTICLE / PREPRINT (electronic edition)

1. Smith A, Smith B. Title of the article in English. Journal. year;39: 58-59. Available from:  http://www... (Accessed 12 September 2022).

2. Smith A, Smith B. Title of the preprint in English. Preprint arXiv.org, year. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.11535.pdf (Accessed 12 September 2022).

Publication Ethics

1. General Provisions

The scientific journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology," represented by the Editor-in-Chief, the Editorial Board, the Editorial Council, the Editorial Board, and the reviewers, strictly adheres to the principles of publication ethics reflected in the Code of Publication Ethics (COPE – Committee on Publication Ethics).
The journal's editorial board closely monitors publication activities for plagiarism and self-plagiarism, the provision of false information, etc., to avoid unfair practices in its work. It carefully selects and edits incoming material to ensure the publication of high-quality scientific papers and public recognition of scientific results.

Adherence to ethical norms and standards is required not only from members of the Editorial Board, reviewers, and publishers, but also from the author.
The editors reserve the right to reject publication of scientific material in the event of a violation of ethical rules and undertake to notify the author in writing or electronically, with a justification for rejecting the material.

2. Principles of Professional Ethics for the Editor/Publisher

In their work, the editor is responsible for the disclosure of copyrighted works, which requires adherence to the following fundamental principles.

The editor/publisher:

must be guided by the veracity of the information provided by the author(s) and the scientific significance and originality of the work under consideration;
must evaluate the intellectual content of manuscripts without regard to the race, gender, religious beliefs, origin, citizenship, social status, or political preferences of the authors;
must not further use unpublished data obtained from submitted manuscripts for personal purposes or disclose it to third parties without the written consent of the author(s);
must maintain the confidentiality of information or ideas obtained during editing and not use them for personal gain;
Must not publish information if there are sufficient grounds to believe it constitutes plagiarism;
Must not ignore complaints regarding reviewed manuscripts or published materials, and, if conflicts of interest are identified, must take all necessary measures to restore violated rights.

3. Principles of Professional Ethics for Reviewers

Reviewers:

Must treat the manuscript received for review as a confidential document that must not be disclosed or discussed to third parties not authorized by the editorial board;
Must provide an objective and reasoned assessment of the presented research results. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable;
Must not use unpublished materials obtained from submitted manuscripts for personal purposes;
Must inform the editor of their lack of qualifications to conduct a review, or of a conflict of interest with the author or organization, and request that they be excluded from the review process for the manuscript. 4. Principles of Professional Ethics for the Author

4.Principles of Professional Ethics for Authors

The author:

must present accurate results of the conducted research. Knowingly erroneous or falsified statements are unacceptable;
must ensure that the research results presented in the submitted manuscript are entirely original. Borrowed fragments or statements must be properly cited by the author and original source. Excessive borrowing, as well as plagiarism in any form, including unauthorized quotations, paraphrasing, or appropriation of the results of others' research, are unacceptable;
must acknowledge the contributions of all individuals who influenced the study in any way; in particular, the article must provide references to works that were significant in the study;
must not submit to the journal a manuscript that has been submitted to another journal and is under consideration, or an article already published in another journal;
must identify in the article all individuals who made a significant contribution to the study. Co-authors may not include individuals who were not involved in the study;
must promptly notify the journal's editorial board if significant errors or inaccuracies are discovered in the article during its review or after its publication.

5. Violation of publication ethics

Violations of publication ethics for which the journal's editorial board provides penalties:

Principal plagiarism in particularly large quantities without attribution in the article's "Bibliography" section.
In such a case, the article does not reach publication at all, and therefore there is no need to resort to the complex process of article retraction. However, the courage of the author who submitted material with such a violation is subject to a ban on publication in the Collection for a period of 4 years.
Providing false information when registering an article that it has not been duplicated by another editorial board (if such an article is published, this leads to inevitable retraction)

Author Guidelines

1. Ethics Rules

The authors of this article strictly adhere to the Ethics Rules and the Journal Policies.
This article has not previously been published in any other journal or in any other language.
This article is not currently submitted for review and publication to another journal.
The article must be at least 85% original, and plagiarism by translation is completely excluded.
The article does not contain unauthorized borrowings and an overwhelming proportion of self-citations (10% of the total number of references).

2. Subject and Type of Article

The article must comply with the subject headings of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology."
The research article submitted to the editors must be theoretical, experimental, or applied in nature.

3. Article Criteria

The article must meet the following criteria: information content (not superficial, without generalities), substantive content (goals, objectives, methods, results), coherence of presentation, novelty, originality, and validity.
The article analyzes current research in the given area, as presented in indexed domestic and international scientific citation databases: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), RSCI Core, Scopus, and Web of Science.

4. Documentation

If the submitted article is being submitted to the journal for a candidate/doctoral degree, or if the authors are affiliated with a design bureau, research institute, or other industrial/design organization, the material must be accompanied by supporting documents—an expert opinion from the affiliated organization—to enable open access publication.
An author's agreement is concluded after a positive decision has been made to publish the article (the form is provided by the Editorial Board).
Expert opinions on the article are sent on the official Editorial Board letterhead without mentioning the reviewers. Upon approval of an article's publication, the journal's editorial board sends the authors a certificate confirming the acceptance of their scientific material for the specific volume and issue of the publication.

5. Article Format

The article is formatted according to the journal's Template requirements, adhering to the tabular system for data entry and article text.
The article's content follows the stated structure and is formatted (font, font size) according to the Template.
The article file is submitted as an MS Office Microsoft Word document in *.doc or *.docx format.
Authors format graphics and formulas according to the Instructions.
The bibliography for the Russian version must be formatted according to GOST R 7.0.5-2008. References for the English version must be in Vancouver style, using the BSI (British Institution Standards) transliteration style, which can be found on the website translit.ru.

Peer Review

Editorial Review

The editor reviews the incoming material to ensure it meets the stated requirements. If there are any comments, the editor returns the article for revision, with a deadline for resubmission after corrections.

Editorial Board Review

The journal utilizes double-blind peer review by leading experts in the subject area.

All reviewers are recognized experts in each field covered by the journal and have published on the topic of the article being reviewed within the last four years. A unique feature of the journal is that it is published simultaneously with identical material in Russian and English, so the editorial board receives both Russian-language articles and English-language articles. Reviewers fluent in either language are assigned accordingly.

Reviews are prepared on a special editorial form.

Publication Decision Options:

The article is recommended for publication without revision
The article is recommended for publication subject to revision (without re-review)
The article is recommended for publication subject to revision and re-review
The article is not recommended for publication
 

Review Procedure

The initial review is performed by two different experts (at least 2 weeks). Following the review, an anonymous opinion is sent to the author for revisions, if any. If there is one positive and one negative review, the editor sends the article to a third expert, or the editorial board makes its own decision to either publish or reject it. If there are two negative reviews, the article is rejected.

Re-review (at least 2 weeks). The manuscript, revised and taking into account the comments, is sent to the reviewers for approval of the revised version.

Editorial Rules

The journal's editorial board adheres to ethical standards in maintaining the confidentiality of personal and scientific information contained in articles until their publication. Reviews are kept by the publisher and the editorial board for at least five years. The final decision on publication is made following the review process at a meeting of the journal's Editorial Board.

Article Retraction

Retraction of articles or retraction of articles for justified, compelling reasons is a legal practice in publishing. Articles that violate generally accepted publishing guidelines, norms, and international conventions, contain inaccurate information, contain a high percentage of plagiarism, including translational plagiarism, or have been published multiple times, either in part or in full, will be retracted from the journal.

In the event of a violation of publication ethics, the editorial board will issue a decision, approved by the meeting minutes, to retract the article. Information about this retraction will be posted in the journal's archive, submitted to the Ethics Council (ANRI), and added to the database of retracted articles. The retraction of this article will also be recorded in all libraries and databases where the journal is hosted and indexed (with an official note indicating the date and reasons for the retraction).

Full texts of scientific journal articles (their components and/or metadata) are made publicly available online:

- on the publication's website

- on the website of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

- on the portal of the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (RSCI)

1. Articles are published free of charge.

2. The editors do not charge a fee for editorial processing and preparation of published materials, including reviews, copyediting, translation, and layout.

3. Publication of articles and other materials in the journal does not imply any financial contributions (fees) to the authors of the published articles and materials.

4. Peer review is voluntary and is not covered by a fee from the editors.

5. The journal does not provide for paid distribution of the electronic Russian and English versions; the journal operates in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Convention.

Copyright

Administrative Section

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 1257. Author of a Work

Prospects and Risks of Disputes in a Court of General Jurisdiction. Situations Related to Article 1257 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

The author of a scientific, literary, or artistic work is the citizen whose creative work created it. A person indicated as the author on the original or a copy of the work or otherwise in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 1300 of this Code is presumed to be its author, unless proven otherwise.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 12, 2014)

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 1300. Copyright Information

Situations Related to Article Article 1300, paragraph 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Copyright information is defined as any information that identifies a work, the author, or other copyright holder, or information regarding the terms of use of a work, contained on the original or a copy of the work, attached to it, or appearing in connection with broadcasting or cable transmission or making such work publicly available, as well as any numbers and codes containing such information.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Chapter 70. Copyright

"Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four)" dated December 18, 2006, No. 230-FZ (as amended on June 11, 2021) (as amended and supplemented, effective January 1, 2022)

Author's Rights

Exclusive Right to a Work
Right of Authorship
Author's Right to a Name
Right to the Integrity of Their Work
Right to Publish Their Work
Rules

Non-exclusive rights to use the materials of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" belong to the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) as the founder and publisher.
The author's agreement is concluded during the proofreading stage of the article; the agreement form is sent by the Editorial Board.
Full or partial reproduction of materials is permitted only with reference to the journal's imprint and mandatory indication of the copyright holder and the names of the article authors. When creating new material based on articles already published in the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" or when translating excerpts from articles for the purpose of citation, it is necessary to cite the original sources in accordance with the citation rules and include them in the bibliography.
The editorial board of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" is committed to respecting the copyrights of the authors of scientific papers accepted for publication in the journal and takes adequate and sufficient measures to comply with copyright law and protect the copyrights of individuals whose materials are published in the journal.
By submitting their article for publication, the author undertakes to comply with copyright law, respect the rights of third parties, and guarantees that the material is original and that publication of the article in the journal will not result in any infringement of rights, including copyright.
The editors reserve the right to check the originality of a work for plagiarism using the Antiplagiat.VUZ system and notify the author of the results. The manuscript must be at least 80% original. Recycled text fragments without citing the original source are unacceptable.
The author may transfer the rights to publish their article to the journal publisher only under the journal's Author Agreement. Under the Author Agreement, the publisher publishes all articles on the website in Open Access.
With regard to plagiarism, the editors comply with the recommendations of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

Spatial Data: Science and Technology is a scientific journal by MIIGAiK.
Specialization: geodesy, geoinformatics, cartography, land management, cadastral survey, land monitoring, geoecology, systems analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence

Goals and Objectives

Development

To promote innovative, fundamental, and applied research in technical sciences such as geodesy, cartography, remote sensing, geoinformatics, geoecology, mine surveying, mining, and oil and gas sciences.

Growth and Popularization

To enhance the effectiveness of scientific research.

To publicize and promote the results of scientific research, practical research, and experimental work.

Strategy

To actively participate in the implementation of the national strategy and the strategy of MIIGAiK University.

Globalization

To align with global trends in the development of science and higher education.

Professional Scientific Content and Contributing Staff

Publication of articles containing current results of scientific research, practical research, and innovative work by faculty and researchers from universities and scientific organizations in Russia and around the world, in accordance with the journal's specialization; Publication of articles by authors and various research groups and teams from Russian and international universities, scientific schools, and enterprises for the broader scientific community.

Competent Expertise

Publication of peer-reviewed articles (agreed upon by all parties) to maintain scientific interest in the topic being covered, thereby fostering an open publication discussion to improve the quality and effectiveness of scientific research.

Article Formatting Guidelines

Recommended Length of a Scientific Article:

• From 7 to 10 pages (excluding references, tables, charts, and figures).
  If your article exceeds this length, it is recommended to divide it into several articles, each with its own scientific value.
• The article must be formatted using the official Template, following the specified formatting parameters (fonts, font size, spacing, margins, tabular system for metadata and bibliography input).

Please attach a Publication Request (for a single author and for a group of authors) along with your article. Please also review the License Agreement.

Required Article Metadata:

• UDC (Universal Decimal Classification)
• Article Title
• Author Names
• Author Affiliations (up to 3 affiliations per author allowed)
• Corresponding Author Email Address
• References

Structure of a Scientific Article:
The journal strictly adheres to the IMRAD structure.
Main sections of the article:

1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion of Results
5. Conclusions

Graphics and Formula Formatting Instructions:
Sections "Introduction" and "Conclusions" must not be divided into subsections.

Title
Use the main keywords of the article topic for concise and informative titles.
Limit the title to 13–15 words (including conjunctions).

Author Information
Include initials and last name, affiliation (up to 3 organizations per author), city, and country.

Affiliations should follow the standardized format used in citation databases.
After the organization’s name, include the city and country.

Corresponding Email Address:
Provide the email address of the author to be contacted regarding the article.

Example for English-language version:
Ivan I. Ivanov
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

• ivanov@mail.ru

Keywords
Main rules for selecting keywords:

• Use basic terms instead of overly specialized ones.
• Avoid complex or lengthy phrases (no more than 3 words per keyword).
• Do not use quotation marks, apostrophes, or commas.
• Each keyword must have a self-contained meaning and be semantically independent.

Abstract
The abstract should briefly describe:

• The purpose of the study
• Research methods
• Main results
• Short conclusions emphasizing the value of the results and their practical application

Length of the abstract: 150–200 words

Article Structure

1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction defines the relevance of the research and the significance of the article. It should include:

• a brief statement of the research goal, topic, and field of application;
• a literature review that outlines general research trends in the chosen field, existing conflicts in theory, methodology, practice, or research findings, and research gaps or underexplored areas in scientific schools;
• an outlook for future development of the topic;
• the author's standpoint;
• justification of the study’s relevance.

For theoretical research, describe the specific methodology used to obtain the results (not general theory, but concrete methods applicable to this article).
For experimental research, provide a detailed account of the experiment, techniques and equipment used, and the research objects involved.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

This section usually poses no difficulty for authors who have conducted thorough research.
Provide a detailed report of the study: describe the procedures, instruments, and devices used, as well as the volume of data collected. Include the statistical and mathematical techniques employed to analyze and summarize the data.
It is important that the data be valid and the methods properly described. This allows reviewers and future researchers to reproduce your study.

3. RESULTS

• As in the Introduction, avoid general or vague phrasing.
• The results must correspond to the stated objectives of the article.
• Clearly articulate the conclusion, idea, concept, or method that the author arrived at during the research.

Important: Minimize the use of external sources. Focus on your own observations and results.

4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The Discussion section should address the following:

• Which facts (or methods) the author agrees or disagrees with, and why. Disagreements must be supported by results of your own methods, with comparative analysis of facts/methods and descriptions of similarities and differences;
• Any limitations faced by the study or the research field as a whole;
• The future research prospects on the topic;
• Comparisons of various methods (if relevant);
• Comparisons between your results and those of similar studies.

5. CONCLUSIONS

The main goal of this section is to summarize the findings.
State the practical and scientific significance of the research and its potential areas of application.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This brief section is used to thank institutions and/or individuals who made significant contributions to the research described in the article.
Typically, this may include funding agencies, laboratories providing materials, or individuals who offered guidance, assisted in data collection or analysis, or contributed in other ways.
Here you should also include details about grants (e.g., Russian Science Foundation grants).

REFERENCES

• Number all cited sources consecutively.
• Start each reference on a new line.
• List references in the order they are cited in the text.
• For Russian-language versions, follow the GOST R 7.0.5–2008 national standard.
• For English-language versions, use the Vancouver style (“Imperial College Vancouver” format).
• Apply BSI transliteration (British Standards Institution); a useful tool is available at translit.ru.
• Before transliterating author names, check how they are listed in Scopus, Web of Science, ResearcherID, or ORCID profiles.
• A minimum of 10 references indexed in citation databases is recommended.

The following sources should not be cited in scientific articles:

• YouTube videos;
• Posts from LiveJournal or social networks;
• Anonymous or hard-to-access sources; sources under 3 pages in length;
• Conference abstracts;
• Textbooks, teaching manuals, or methodological guidelines;
• Laws, regulations, government decrees, etc.;
• Dictionaries, encyclopedias, handbooks;
• Dissertation abstracts;
• Reports, memos, protocols, and statistical bulletins.

These sources may be referred to in footnotes on the relevant page of the article.

Examples of how to format the References and Footnotes are available via the provided link.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Each scientific article must include the following for every author:

• Full name
• Position, academic degree, academic title
• Author ID (Science Index, RSCI)
• SPIN-code (Science Index, RSCI)
• Scopus ID
• Researcher ID
• ORCID

Bibliography

General Guidelines

1. Bold font is used to highlight specifics of bibliographic styles; bold font is not required in the article itself.
2. Foreign literature in the Bibliography of the Russian version should be formatted according to GOST R 7.0.5–2008.
3. Russian literature in the Bibliography of the English version should be formatted in the Vancouver style.
4. Acceptable languages for bibliographic entries are Russian and English. If the source is in any other language, it should be cited in English, with the original language of the manuscript indicated in parentheses at the end of the bibliographic entry, e.g., (In German).

Bibliography / References

The following are examples of how to construct bibliographic entries based on various elements, which can be adapted with your own information to form a list of references.

Examples of Book Formatting:

BOOK
1 AUTHOR

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

2.  Smith A. Title. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. 

BOOK WITH 2 AUTHORS

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP. Title translit [Title in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

PART OF A BOOK OR VOLUME, CHAPTER

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Part 1. Title of the part translit [Title of the part in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

2. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Vol. 1. Title of the volume translit [Title of the volume in English]. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK WITH EDITORS

1. Ivanov II. Title translit [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK / COLLECTION WITHOUT AUTHORS, WITH EDITORS

1. Title translit [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

BOOK TRANSLATED

1. Smith A. Title translit [Title in English]. 2 volumes. City: Publishing House; year. 100 p. (In Russian).

MONOGRAPHY

1. Ivanov II. Title of the whole work [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year; 100 p. (In Russian).

2. Ivanov II. Title of the chapter translit [Title in English]. Title of the whole work [Title in English]. Petrov PP. (ed.). City: Publishing House; year; 24-50. (In Russian).

JOURNAL ARTICLE (translated version)

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP. Title in English. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. DOI:number.

JOURNAL ARTICLE (1 AUTHOR)

1. Ivanov II. Title of the article translit [Title in English]. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. (in Russian). DOI:number.

JOURNAL ARTICLE (2+ AUTHORS)

1. Ivanov II, Petrov PP, Sidorov SS. Title of the article translit [Title in English]. Journal. year;74(3): 391-402. (in Russian). DOI:number.

2. Smith A. Title of the article translit in English. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Software Reuse. year; 126-138. DOI:number.

ARTICLE FROM FOREIGN JOURNAL

1. Smith A., Smith B., Smith C., et al. Title // Journal. year. Vol.34. P. 305-310. DOI:number

1. Smith A, Smith B, Smith C, et al. Title in English. Journal. year;34: 305-310. DOI:number.

ARTICLE / PREPRINT (electronic edition)

1. Smith A, Smith B. Title of the article in English. Journal. year;39: 58-59. Available from:  http://www... (Accessed 12 September 2022).

2. Smith A, Smith B. Title of the preprint in English. Preprint arXiv.org, year. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.11535.pdf (Accessed 12 September 2022).

Publication Ethics

1. General Provisions

The scientific journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology," represented by the Editor-in-Chief, the Editorial Board, the Editorial Council, the Editorial Board, and the reviewers, strictly adheres to the principles of publication ethics reflected in the Code of Publication Ethics (COPE – Committee on Publication Ethics).
The journal's editorial board closely monitors publication activities for plagiarism and self-plagiarism, the provision of false information, etc., to avoid unfair practices in its work. It carefully selects and edits incoming material to ensure the publication of high-quality scientific papers and public recognition of scientific results.

Adherence to ethical norms and standards is required not only from members of the Editorial Board, reviewers, and publishers, but also from the author.
The editors reserve the right to reject publication of scientific material in the event of a violation of ethical rules and undertake to notify the author in writing or electronically, with a justification for rejecting the material.

2. Principles of Professional Ethics for the Editor/Publisher

In their work, the editor is responsible for the disclosure of copyrighted works, which requires adherence to the following fundamental principles.

The editor/publisher:

must be guided by the veracity of the information provided by the author(s) and the scientific significance and originality of the work under consideration;
must evaluate the intellectual content of manuscripts without regard to the race, gender, religious beliefs, origin, citizenship, social status, or political preferences of the authors;
must not further use unpublished data obtained from submitted manuscripts for personal purposes or disclose it to third parties without the written consent of the author(s);
must maintain the confidentiality of information or ideas obtained during editing and not use them for personal gain;
Must not publish information if there are sufficient grounds to believe it constitutes plagiarism;
Must not ignore complaints regarding reviewed manuscripts or published materials, and, if conflicts of interest are identified, must take all necessary measures to restore violated rights.

3. Principles of Professional Ethics for Reviewers

Reviewers:

Must treat the manuscript received for review as a confidential document that must not be disclosed or discussed to third parties not authorized by the editorial board;
Must provide an objective and reasoned assessment of the presented research results. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable;
Must not use unpublished materials obtained from submitted manuscripts for personal purposes;
Must inform the editor of their lack of qualifications to conduct a review, or of a conflict of interest with the author or organization, and request that they be excluded from the review process for the manuscript. 4. Principles of Professional Ethics for the Author

4.Principles of Professional Ethics for Authors

The author:

must present accurate results of the conducted research. Knowingly erroneous or falsified statements are unacceptable;
must ensure that the research results presented in the submitted manuscript are entirely original. Borrowed fragments or statements must be properly cited by the author and original source. Excessive borrowing, as well as plagiarism in any form, including unauthorized quotations, paraphrasing, or appropriation of the results of others' research, are unacceptable;
must acknowledge the contributions of all individuals who influenced the study in any way; in particular, the article must provide references to works that were significant in the study;
must not submit to the journal a manuscript that has been submitted to another journal and is under consideration, or an article already published in another journal;
must identify in the article all individuals who made a significant contribution to the study. Co-authors may not include individuals who were not involved in the study;
must promptly notify the journal's editorial board if significant errors or inaccuracies are discovered in the article during its review or after its publication.

5. Violation of publication ethics

Violations of publication ethics for which the journal's editorial board provides penalties:

Principal plagiarism in particularly large quantities without attribution in the article's "Bibliography" section.
In such a case, the article does not reach publication at all, and therefore there is no need to resort to the complex process of article retraction. However, the courage of the author who submitted material with such a violation is subject to a ban on publication in the Collection for a period of 4 years.
Providing false information when registering an article that it has not been duplicated by another editorial board (if such an article is published, this leads to inevitable retraction)

Author Guidelines

1. Ethics Rules

The authors of this article strictly adhere to the Ethics Rules and the Journal Policies.
This article has not previously been published in any other journal or in any other language.
This article is not currently submitted for review and publication to another journal.
The article must be at least 85% original, and plagiarism by translation is completely excluded.
The article does not contain unauthorized borrowings and an overwhelming proportion of self-citations (10% of the total number of references).

2. Subject and Type of Article

The article must comply with the subject headings of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology."
The research article submitted to the editors must be theoretical, experimental, or applied in nature.

3. Article Criteria

The article must meet the following criteria: information content (not superficial, without generalities), substantive content (goals, objectives, methods, results), coherence of presentation, novelty, originality, and validity.
The article analyzes current research in the given area, as presented in indexed domestic and international scientific citation databases: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), RSCI Core, Scopus, and Web of Science.

4. Documentation

If the submitted article is being submitted to the journal for a candidate/doctoral degree, or if the authors are affiliated with a design bureau, research institute, or other industrial/design organization, the material must be accompanied by supporting documents—an expert opinion from the affiliated organization—to enable open access publication.
An author's agreement is concluded after a positive decision has been made to publish the article (the form is provided by the Editorial Board).
Expert opinions on the article are sent on the official Editorial Board letterhead without mentioning the reviewers. Upon approval of an article's publication, the journal's editorial board sends the authors a certificate confirming the acceptance of their scientific material for the specific volume and issue of the publication.

5. Article Format

The article is formatted according to the journal's Template requirements, adhering to the tabular system for data entry and article text.
The article's content follows the stated structure and is formatted (font, font size) according to the Template.
The article file is submitted as an MS Office Microsoft Word document in *.doc or *.docx format.
Authors format graphics and formulas according to the Instructions.
The bibliography for the Russian version must be formatted according to GOST R 7.0.5-2008. References for the English version must be in Vancouver style, using the BSI (British Institution Standards) transliteration style, which can be found on the website translit.ru.

Peer Review

Editorial Review

The editor reviews the incoming material to ensure it meets the stated requirements. If there are any comments, the editor returns the article for revision, with a deadline for resubmission after corrections.

Editorial Board Review

The journal utilizes double-blind peer review by leading experts in the subject area.

All reviewers are recognized experts in each field covered by the journal and have published on the topic of the article being reviewed within the last four years. A unique feature of the journal is that it is published simultaneously with identical material in Russian and English, so the editorial board receives both Russian-language articles and English-language articles. Reviewers fluent in either language are assigned accordingly.

Reviews are prepared on a special editorial form.

Publication Decision Options:

The article is recommended for publication without revision
The article is recommended for publication subject to revision (without re-review)
The article is recommended for publication subject to revision and re-review
The article is not recommended for publication
 

Review Procedure

The initial review is performed by two different experts (at least 2 weeks). Following the review, an anonymous opinion is sent to the author for revisions, if any. If there is one positive and one negative review, the editor sends the article to a third expert, or the editorial board makes its own decision to either publish or reject it. If there are two negative reviews, the article is rejected.

Re-review (at least 2 weeks). The manuscript, revised and taking into account the comments, is sent to the reviewers for approval of the revised version.

Editorial Rules

The journal's editorial board adheres to ethical standards in maintaining the confidentiality of personal and scientific information contained in articles until their publication. Reviews are kept by the publisher and the editorial board for at least five years. The final decision on publication is made following the review process at a meeting of the journal's Editorial Board.

Article Retraction

Retraction of articles or retraction of articles for justified, compelling reasons is a legal practice in publishing. Articles that violate generally accepted publishing guidelines, norms, and international conventions, contain inaccurate information, contain a high percentage of plagiarism, including translational plagiarism, or have been published multiple times, either in part or in full, will be retracted from the journal.

In the event of a violation of publication ethics, the editorial board will issue a decision, approved by the meeting minutes, to retract the article. Information about this retraction will be posted in the journal's archive, submitted to the Ethics Council (ANRI), and added to the database of retracted articles. The retraction of this article will also be recorded in all libraries and databases where the journal is hosted and indexed (with an official note indicating the date and reasons for the retraction).

1. Articles are published free of charge.

2. The editors do not charge a fee for editorial processing and preparation of published materials, including reviews, copyediting, translation, and layout.

3. Publication of articles and other materials in the journal does not imply any financial contributions (fees) to the authors of the published articles and materials.

4. Peer review is voluntary and is not covered by a fee from the editors.

5. The journal does not provide for paid distribution of the electronic Russian and English versions; the journal operates in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Convention.

Full texts of scientific journal articles (their components and/or metadata) are made publicly available online:

- on the publication's website

- on the website of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

- on the portal of the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (RSCI)

4 issues per year

Copyright

Administrative Section

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 1257. Author of a Work

Prospects and Risks of Disputes in a Court of General Jurisdiction. Situations Related to Article 1257 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

The author of a scientific, literary, or artistic work is the citizen whose creative work created it. A person indicated as the author on the original or a copy of the work or otherwise in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 1300 of this Code is presumed to be its author, unless proven otherwise.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 12, 2014)

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 1300. Copyright Information

Situations Related to Article Article 1300, paragraph 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Copyright information is defined as any information that identifies a work, the author, or other copyright holder, or information regarding the terms of use of a work, contained on the original or a copy of the work, attached to it, or appearing in connection with broadcasting or cable transmission or making such work publicly available, as well as any numbers and codes containing such information.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Chapter 70. Copyright

"Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four)" dated December 18, 2006, No. 230-FZ (as amended on June 11, 2021) (as amended and supplemented, effective January 1, 2022)

Author's Rights

Exclusive Right to a Work
Right of Authorship
Author's Right to a Name
Right to the Integrity of Their Work
Right to Publish Their Work
Rules

Non-exclusive rights to use the materials of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" belong to the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) as the founder and publisher.
The author's agreement is concluded during the proofreading stage of the article; the agreement form is sent by the Editorial Board.
Full or partial reproduction of materials is permitted only with reference to the journal's imprint and mandatory indication of the copyright holder and the names of the article authors. When creating new material based on articles already published in the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" or when translating excerpts from articles for the purpose of citation, it is necessary to cite the original sources in accordance with the citation rules and include them in the bibliography.
The editorial board of the journal "Spatial Data: Science and Technology" is committed to respecting the copyrights of the authors of scientific papers accepted for publication in the journal and takes adequate and sufficient measures to comply with copyright law and protect the copyrights of individuals whose materials are published in the journal.
By submitting their article for publication, the author undertakes to comply with copyright law, respect the rights of third parties, and guarantees that the material is original and that publication of the article in the journal will not result in any infringement of rights, including copyright.
The editors reserve the right to check the originality of a work for plagiarism using the Antiplagiat.VUZ system and notify the author of the results. The manuscript must be at least 80% original. Recycled text fragments without citing the original source are unacceptable.
The author may transfer the rights to publish their article to the journal publisher only under the journal's Author Agreement. Under the Author Agreement, the publisher publishes all articles on the website in Open Access.
With regard to plagiarism, the editors comply with the recommendations of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

1. Open Access Policy

The editorial board adheres to the Open Access policy for published materials.

By Open Access, in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOI), the editors mean free access to materials published in the journal via the internet (hosting) and the right of each user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full-text articles, conduct searches, enter them as data into software, or use them for other lawful purposes, in the absence of financial, legal, or technical barriers, except for those regulating internet access in particular. Authors have the right to control the integrity of their scientific work and to ensure that their name is referenced as the author of the publication when using their article and when citing it.

2. Archiving

Full texts of scientific journal articles (their components and/or metadata) are made publicly available online:

- on the publication's website

- on the website of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

- on the portal of the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (RSCI)

- Russian State Library

Upon publication of a Volume on the publication's website, the Editorial Board distributes (archives) the full texts of publications in various databases. Each article is also assigned a digital identifier (DOI).

3. License

The journal publishes materials under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means that the articles may be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed, and referenced in full text, with attribution, without any restrictions, which meets the criteria of the Definition of Free Cultural Works.

"Attribution" requires the following conditions:

- You, as a third party, must provide appropriate attribution, a link to the license, and indicate any changes made.

- You have the right to use the material with attribution without additional restrictions, i.e., you must not legally or technically restrict others from performing anything provided for and covered by the license.

4. Indexing

The journal is included in the full-text bibliographic database of the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY and is indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).

Kirill Akatev

Anastasiya A. Alekseeva

Sergey Atamanov

Natalia Baranova

Viktor V. Belenko Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

Nailya M. Biktimirova Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

Yulia Bragina

Darya Vavulinskaya

George Valov

Mikhail Vyushkov

Sergey Grigoriev

Tatiana Grishina

Sergey Gruzdev

Lola Gulyamova

Irina Dyachkova

Sergei Sergei

Evgeniy Efimov

Marina Zabaeva Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (Department of Economics, Head of the Department)
employee
doctor of economic sciences

docent

Tat'yana V. Ilyushina

Karina Karadzhian

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