UDC 528.2
CSCSTI 36.00
The article considers the main sources of errors when performing geodetic measurements by satellite methods, including: satellite ephemeris errors leading to inaccurate calculation of satellite coordinates at the time of measurements; change in the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the troposphere and ionosphere, as well as short-term changes in the speed of propagation of radio waves (fluctuations); a change in the phase of the received signal caused by the reception of waves reflected from surrounding objects; deviations of wavelengths of carrier frequencies from the nominal value; noise of electronic units of receivers. In addition, the accuracy of calculating the determined quantities is affected by the number and location of satellites in the sky. The ways of reducing the influence of such sources of errors as: errors caused by the noise of the electronic units of the receivers and the noise of the troposphere and ionosphere (fluctuations of the refractive index of media); errors of the influence of reflected signals from surrounding objects. It is shown that the main attention should be paid to the analysis of the influence of changes in the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in the troposphere and ionosphere, the influence of satellite ephemeris errors, as well as taking into account the deviation of carrier frequency wavelengths from the nominal value, which will make it possible to develop a rigorous assessment of the accuracy of the determined quantities when performing geodetic measurements by satellite methods.
satellite receiver, GLONASS, NAVSTAR GPS, Galileo, system of equations, coordinate difference, registration of phase cycles, ephemeride errors, troposphere, ionosphere, phase change, electronic blocks, location of satellites, PDOP, HDOP, VDOP, accuracy assessment
1. Antonovich KM. Ispol’zovanie sputnikovykh radionavigatsionnykh sistem v geodezii [The use of satellite radio navigation systems in geodesy]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Kartgeotsentr, 2005. 333 p.
2. Antonovich KM. Ispol’zovanie sputnikovykh radionavigatsionnykh sistem v geodezii [The use of satellite radio navigation systems in geodesy]. Vol. 2. Moscow: Kartgeotsentr, 2006. 359 p.
3. Genike AA, Pobedinsky GG. Global’nye sputnikovye sistemy opredeleniya me-stopolozheniya GPS i ikh primenenie v geodezii [Global satellite positioning systems GPS and their application in geodesy] 2nd ed. Moscow: Kartgeotsentr, 2004. 355 p.
4. Global’naya sputnikovaya radionavigatsionnaya sistema GLONASS [Global satellite radio navigation system GLONASS]. Ed. Kharisova VN, et al. Moscow: IPRZhR, 1998. 399 p.
5. Lysenko AA. Global’naya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema Galileo [Global navigation satellite system Galileo]. Proceedings of Science Week of St. Petersburg State Maritime Technical University. 2019;1(1). 90 p.
6. Shukeeva AN. Tochnoe pozitsionirovanie s sovremennymi global’nymi navigatsionnymi sputnikovymi sistemami: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo i BeiDou [Accurate positioning with modern global navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou]. Molodoi uchenyi. 2019;3(241): 64–66.
7. Grewal MS, Andrews AP, Barton C.G. Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration. 4th Edition. Wiley, 2020. 608 p.
8. Klyushin EB, Kravchuk IM. Increasing the conditionality of the system of equations when processing the results of phase measurements by satellite receivers. Izvestia vuzov. Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying. 2020;64(3): 269–276. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.30533/0536-101X-2020-64-3-269-276.
9. Klyushin EB, Kravchuk IM. Theoretical aspects of the phase probe method. Geodesy and Cartography. 2022;5:11–18. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-983-5-11-18.
10. Gordeev VA, Raeva OS. Vliyanie geometricheskogo faktora na tochnost’ sputnikovogo pozitsionirovaniya [The influence of the geometric factor on the accuracy of satellite positioning]. Minerals and Mining Engineering. 2018;3: 26–31. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2018-3-26-31.
11. Salnikov DV, Zhuravlev DA, Prasko GA, Meshkov IS. Issledovanie geometricheskogo faktora global’nykh navigatsionnykh sputnikovykh sistem GLONASS, GPS i GALILEO [Study of the geometric factor of the global navigation satellite systems GLONASS, GPS and GALILEO]. Al’manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015;11(101): 94–100.
12. Shanurov GA, Ostroumov VZ. Vliyanie geometrii sputnikovykh nablyudenii na tochnost’ opredeleniya geodezicheskikh vysot urovennykh postov [Influence of the geometry of satellite observations on the accuracy of determining geodetic heights of level posts]. Izvestia vuzov. Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying. 2004;1: 3–12.
13. Leick A. GPS Satellite Surveying. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2004. 399 p.
14. Seeber G. Satellite Geodesy. 2nd completely revised and extended ed. Berlin — New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2003. 612 p.
15. Teunissen PJG., Kleusberg A. GPS for geodesy. Berlin: Springer, 1998. 655 p.
